health topics & talks

CHIKUNGUNYA  chikungunya  fever could be a infectious agent malady transmitted by the bite of infected dipterous insect|Aedes aegypti|mosquito} mosquito.the term chikungunya derived from kungunyala which means \'to become contorted\' additional specifically   bend up.this refers to round-backed posture adopted by patient as a results of rheumatoid symptoms of fever.the malady is nearly forever self restricted and rarly  fatal. CLINICAL options - time period of sometimes three to seven days -sudden onset of respiratory disease like symptoms together with severe headache,chills,fever ,malaise  etc - high grade fever get up to 104 f -arthralgia and inflammatory disease, joints of extrimites perticularly swollen and painfull to the touch,in some joints pain is crippling and inflammatory disease might last for weeks and months -conjunctival diffusion and gentle photophobia CHIKUNGUNYA RASH AND SWELING OF RIGHT LEG -petechial or maculopapular rash on limbs -aphthous ...

HYPOTHYROIDISM it\'s clinical condition ensuing from bated current levels of T4 and /or T3 by thyroid no matter cause. once glandular disease is severe  and long standing ,it is seen as hypothyroidism that is defined by deposition of glycoprotein material(hyaluronic acid and muck polysaccharides) inflicting swelling of skin and of hypodermic tissues.  ETIOLOGY the cause could also be primary thyroid illness or less normally illness of pituitory or hypothalamus(secondary hypothyroidism) (1)primary thyroid failure -Idiopathic atrophy of thyroid glandgland -Hasshimoto\'s thyroditis -Iodine deficiency -thyroidectomy -previous treatment with radioiodine -drug induce  like antithyroid medicine ,lithium -sunacute or silent thyroditits -agenesis of thyroid (2)Secondary thyroid failure -pituitary pathology -hypothalamic pathology CLINICAL options -Insidious in onset with physical,mental and  metabolic processes below traditional -tiredness -weight gain -cold intolerance...

OBESITY avoirdupois describe as sufficient  body fat has accumulated to adeversly have an effect on health,or body mass index on top of twenty five kg/m2 . WHO suggested CLASSIFICATION OF avoirdupois (1)underweight WHO have bmi below eighteen (2)normal WHO have bmi between eighteen.5 to 24.5 (3)overweight WHO have bmi on top of twenty five ETIOLOGY OF avoirdupois (1)Genetic causes Some genetic inheritant is also chargeable for avoirdupois likebarded belly syndrome,leptic deficiency, pradee Willi syndrome etc (2)Environment causeas (à)high energy diet (b)physical inactivity (3)Endocrine sickness endocrine sickness like pubescence adiposeness,hypothyroidism,cushing's syndrome,polycystic sex gland syndrome (4)drugs induce avoirdupois medicine like metallic element valporateprednisolone  atenolon ,gliclazide will induce avoirdupois in some patient MANAGMENT OF avoirdupois (1)Exercise Exercise is beneficial as supplements to diet unless there's medical contradiction (2)Diet manage...

Osteoarthritis arthritis is AN abnormality of synovialjoints characterised by softening, ripping and fragmentation of body part gristle and it\'s acompanaied by subchondral induration and bone cysts,joint area narroewing and overgrowth at tissue joint margins(osteophytes) Etiology (1)age additional common in older patients (2)race Hip oa is a smaller amount common in chinese  and Asian than in those of western origin.where as knee oa is additional common in afro-carribeans (3)genetic predisposition Risk is additional in patients whose father or mother have had oa (4)gender  -Below 45yrs additional common in male -Above fifty five affirmative additional common in feminine (5)obesity corpulent ladies is at higher risk to degenerative arthritis|arthritis}  (6)traumatic injury at joint could initiate oa pathologic process Oa is disease of each body part gristle and subchondral bone .the malady is defined by degenaration of the the elements of animate thing matrix of the body...

Urticaria hypersensitivity reaction is characterized  with short lived ,itchy weals which can be pale or pink in center ,surrounded by red flare caused by transient run of plasma through little blood vessels ,usually as results of unharness of amine through skin mast cells on response to substance pathological process -Urticaria  is caused by transient run of plasma through blood vessels due to unharness of amine ,kinine,leukotrine through the mastocyte of skin on response to any substance -histamine is cause itch by stimulating nerve end receptor ,other mediators kinine and leukotrine square measure inflicting vasopermeability  -therefore fretful weals develops on response to substance agitating factors (1)Drugs antibiotic drug, sulphonamides,aspirin,phenation,salicylate,foreign Sera,insuline  (2)foods  -milk,Moog dal,masoor dal,eggs ,peas fish (3)inhalant -Pollan\'s,fungi,insecticides,house mud (4)infections-chronic septic foci,urinary tract infection,viral ...

Acne or hickey illness|disease of the skin|skin disorder|skin problem|skin condition|inflammatory disease} valgaris is disease during which the glandulae sebaceae of skin becomes sensitive to traditional level of androgen} hormone and find  pluged ensuing imflamation ,pustule,nodules and scarring of skin Etiological issues (a)androgens throughout time of life (b)follicular keratinisation (c)heredity (d)immunological issue (e)environmental factor square measure accountable exasperating factors (a)stress (b)premenstrual amount (c)occupational exposure toacnegenic agent (d)drugs like steroids, secretion medicine like steroid hormone and progestogen and antiepilectic medicine (e)spicy food intake Clasification in keeping with severity of illness|disease of the skin|skin disorder|skin problem|skin condition|inflammatory malady} it\'s devided in to 3 varieties (1)mild malady open and closed red comedones with spare inflammatory lesions  (2)modarate disease varied papules and pustul...

Bell\'s palsy Bell\'s palsy is associate acute apperantly isolated ,lower neuron palsy caused by disfunction of nerve namly nervus facialis. Etiology (1) exposure to cold might precipitate bell\'s palsy (2)supurative otitis (3)herpes herpes zoster (4)head injury (5)dental physiological state (6)diabetes or high blood pressure (7)last trimenster of maternity (8)multiple pathology Clinical options Symptoms -sudden ,following exposure to relax or with none apparent causative cause -postauricular pain is common and it should precede palsy by two days -there is also spontaneous  complain of loss os sense of style,watering of eye and sweating less on affected facet  Signs -forhead cannot be wrinked -eye cannot be closed. On making an attempt closure .eyeball turns upward and outward(bells phenomena) -on showing teeth ,the lips don\'t separate on affected facet. Whisthling isn\'t doable -angle of mouth on affected facet droops with drribling of spittle -cheeks puffs out w...

Hiatus hernia  Protrusion of the abdomen on top of the diaphragm Etiology -mostly seen in time of life weighty feminine -it could also be owing to noninheritable  or owing to condition that raise intraabdominal pressure(aquired) like avoirdupois,pregnancy, as cities,abdominal tumours and any operation like partial surgical operation or vagotomy varieties  (1)sliding hiatal hernia -commonest selection {in that|during which|within which} easy upword slide of abdomen with oesophago-gastric junction through the hiatus in to the cavity (2)rolling hiatal hernia -in which the oesophago-gastric junction is among the cavity the a part of the stomachic complex body part potrudes through the hitus into the cavity Clinical options (1)retrosternal hurting or discomfort particularly on round-shouldered or lying down before long when meals (2)heart burn or regurgitation of acid fluid or food on bending or round-shouldered (3)dysphagia owing to rubor induce cramp (4)dysponea,palpitation...

Sexualy transmitted diseases in males (1)scrabies -boils on erectile organ that is severely fidgety -other femaly  member also are suffered from skin sensation everywhere the body -advice lotion permethrine to all or any feminine member (2)syphillis -patient has recenty exposed himself to outside ladies -single painless,sore on erectile organ -advice injection antibiotic drug (3)gonorrhoeal urinary tract infection or chlamydia urinary tract infection -exposed to outside ladies -burning micturation -some time fever and pain in lower abdomen -passing of whitish sticky discharge within the pee off and on -a slight yellow discharge noticed  at the tip of the erectile organ particularly in early morning on rising up -prescribe long run antibiotics (4)herpes genitalis -it is harmless venerial sickness  and does not lead impotence -small ,pinhead like multiple boils on tip of erectile organ -often come back once sexual activity -they burst ,leaving little red ,moist ,painful ul...

Weakness Weakness may be a subjective feeling and might not be examined,seen or measured by any doctor. thus usually the  doctor may be misguided by this complain .always invite associated complain which can guide you to correct designation the way to differentiate weakness (A)sudden weakness (1)rupture of ulcer -he feels abruptly terribly weak -he abruptly become pale -severe pain in abdomen associated severe sweating everywhere the body -he becomes restless -he has passed out bloody stool or vomited blood  in body waste -it is an emergency send him to hospital that has facility of introduction (2)viral fever -if patient feels abrupt weakness in conjunction with high fever and severe bodyache -prescribe anti pyretic medicine and rest (3)anxity -if patient feels sudden weakness once hearing any stunning or dangerous news -prescribe tab campose and recommendation rest (4)hypoglycemia -if he\'s notable case of polygenic disorder -he is taking insuline injection or tablets -he i...

White discharge is traditional in many ladies if she don\'t have to be compelled to amendment her underclothing because the amount isn\'t an excessive amount of.normal discharge is obvious,odourless and mucoid in nature.the consistency and amount of this discharge varies e g. Scanty  and watery within the half of the cycle ,while it\'s most copious within the middle of the cycle.unlike associate degree abnormal discharge it doesn\'t leave a unclean stairs on the underclothing. This complain complain is extremely common in developing country particularly in girls of lower socio-economic class United Nations agency ar solely housewives.they do not attend workplace or have any hobbies so they need millions of time to focus on their discharge  Except a awfully low ache white discharge doesn\'t cause any  weakness, joint pain,or illhealth girls with deficiency disease, anemia or any chronic debilitating  unwellness like tb can have additional white discharge .therefore,...

How to differentiate sex drawback in male it\'s quite common in male patient some myths regarding sex ,marstrubation and night fall so it\'s doctor\'s duty to form patient privy to traditional sex and actual sex drawback.  Some myths and actual sex drawback in male area unit differentiate below (1)myths regarding sex (a)mastrubation -some patient is complain regarding weakness and sex weakness when mastrubation -he ought to be assured that mastrubation doesn\'t manufacture sexual weakness or physical weakness however anxiety and guilt advanced regarding mastrubation is accountable for drawback .(b)night fall-nightfall is traditional phenomina of the body it\'s not a disease-night fall could happens in patient United Nations agency has done ton of labor in days-Advice the patient regarding traditional phenamina of night fall(c)dhatu or white discharge in urine-he is passing white discharge in urine-no burning ,no fever and no the other complain while not white disch...

How to differentiate lightheadedness(A)vertigo with different associated complain-sometimes vertigo can be related to hurting ,headache,fever,vomiting etc -attend associated complain solely lightheadedness can slip by itself(B)vertigo is merely complain(1)patient feeling sense of rotation(a)labrynthine vertigo-if patient feels sense of rotation-vertigo is attributable to infection of labyrinth of internal ear-advice rest,minimal movement of head and order tab stamitil three times each day and antibiotics for infection(b)brain stroke or transient anemia attack-vertigo with sense of rotation-vertigo along side temporary weakness of 1 1/2 the body,difficulty in speaking,droop of 1 palpebra and jaw-advice him to admire patient to unit to exclude stroke(2)patient isn\'t feeling sense of rotation however solely see darkness ahead of eyes(a)postural hypotension-vertigo with sense of darkness ahead of eyes particularly whereas standing up-advice him to square slowly(b)drug ,injection or a...

How to differentiate fainting(1)vasovagal shock-if he was frightened by some bed news or some stress -he was experiencing severe in any a part of body like pain ,piercing of needle,in accident-he was having high fever-he was standing within the same position in hot summer weather-this could be a vasovagal shock do attend different complains that r a lot of did faint once he suddenly stood up from lying or sitting down position-he is thought case of cardiovascular disease associated taking medication medicine-this is bodily property hypotension-advice him to omite next dose of medication drugs and sit for one to a pair of minute before suddenly standing up at fringe of bed(3)rupture of organic process ulcer-he has pass massive black loose stool or a vomited low ground color excreta and than faint suddenly-known case of organic process ulcer-urgently hospitalised him wherever intromission facility is avalabile(4)cough syncope-he has faint once severe bouts of cough-he is chronic smoker-...

How to differentiate medical emergencies(1)Renal stone-he is obtaining pain in loin-colicky ,intermittent pain-pain starts at back comes forward and taking place to the groin and testicles-pain in loin along side upset or hematuria-Pain with disgorgement (2)gall stone-he has fulminant  pain in right hypochondria-pain is intermittent and flatulent in nature-pain beginning  from front and goes back-fltulence and gas in abdomen-severe pain with nausea ,vomiting and sweating everywhere the body(3)acute asthama-difficulty in respiratory once exposure to  and ice cream-wheezing and noise in chest on expiration even in sitting position-family history of allergic asthama or eczema-advice him to measure with this dinsease and avoid causative substance to expose-give him asthalin inhelar and long course of steroids(4)epitaxis-sudden harm from the nose-advice him sit in bed leaning forward and apply pressure to the anterior naris from the surface-apply ice packs to the nostrils fro...

Joint pain and it\'s differential diagnosis(A)pain is in single joint(1)sprain or traumatic joint pain-he has enjoying games,exercising over traditional or has done odd job-history of trauma on affected joint-pain on moving joint or by movement-advice firm elastocrept bandage ,painkiller,and local pain pill gel(2)frozen shoulder-pain in single shoulder-he has diffuse pain everywhere the shoulder joint that will increase whereas improvement rock bottom once passing stool or on hair care hai-advice short means modality and exercise(3)osteoarthritis-elderly patient-pain and swelling in knee joint-pain on movement-this is oa recommendation him to measure with this disease-advice him corroboratory treatment like exercise and low dose pain pill whereas severe pain(4)gout-he is experiencing sharp,severe pain associated redness of hallux of any foots-family history of gout-advice to consult orthopedics(5)tuberculosis of joint-pain and redness of joint-he has evening rise of fever and swea...

(a)sinositis-sudden headache together with nose block,nose discharge, sneezing,cough,fever-headache exaggerated on adornment forward-advice him long course of antibiotics and nasal drops together with plight gargles and steam inhalation(b)tension headache-headache once voluminous work night or attributable to any stress-advice him tab campose (c)fever headache -headache together with fever like protozoal infection ,typhoid,viral fever,urti etc-treat fever (d)meningieal headache-for the primary time in his life Associate in Nursing attack of exploding headache-vomiting-fever-stiffness of neck-drowsiness-weakness of arm and legs-advice him hospitalization(2)chronic headache(a)migraine-intermittent headache comes once per week or once a two weeks or once a month-visual changes before headache-pain in 0.5 head-nausea and unconditioned reflex together with headache(b)headache thanks to reffrectory error of eyes-headache precipited by stitching,stitching,reading,seeing picture and by viewin...

Sweating and it\'s differential diagnosis(A)local sweating  of palm,soles,armpits,tip of nose,moustache space (1)anxiety-if he\'s anxious concerning underlying explanation for the chest or tummy pain, fever any of that is experiencing at that moment-than anxiety is probably going explanation for sweating-advice tab campose and attend main complain of pain(2)dytonia of sympathetic nervous system-if he\'s within the habit of sweating from the hands and feet and hand and palm is cold on feel -he should learn to measure with this-advice to use dusting powder handy and soles(B)systemic sweating on whole body(1)fever-fever will cause sweating complete the body specially if it\'s high and of tab paracitamol has been given(2)mayocardial infraction-profuse sweating complete the body-he is experiencing pain ,discomfort,pressure or gas within the middle of chest with exuberant sweating-exclude mi if multiple risk factors square measure gift to urge heart attack(3)surgical emergen...